Opiniaun Husi
Julio Tomas Pinto
Secretario Estado da Defesa
(Article ne’e representa opiniaun Pesoal)
Dala ida tan, UNMIT ho nian ajénsias nia atetude (UNDP UNCDF, UNEST & DGSU), lori Timor oan sira para kestiona konaba Nassões Unidas nia missaun iha Timor-Leste. Tuir sira nian hahalok, ita mos bele husu katak, UNMIT nian missaun ne’e para dezenvolve ou destroi? Maibe, antes ita kualia konaba ne’e, ita tenki esklarece uluk sira nia mandatu. Mandatu UNMIT iha Timor-Leste, klaramente katak atu fo supporta ba Estadu Timor-Leste. Supporta signifika katak, bele foo assistencia teknika ba Estadu iha area balun nebe defini tiha ona. Pur ezemplu, ba PNTL, UNMIT foo apoiu iha área lima: operasaun, treinamentu, rekursos umanu no mos administrasaun. Ba setór defesa, sira fo deit assistensia teknika, hanesan assesoria no mos hari’i edifisiu provejoria ba Institutu Defeza Nasional. Maibe, se ita analiza didiak UNMIT nian atetude ho sira nia opiniaun iha Timor-Leste, ita hare katak dala ruma sira nia hahalok ho sira nian opiniaun la hanesan.
Iha tinan 2009, atan hau, hasai article ida ho tópiku, “Reforma Setór Siguransa iha Timor-Leste: Entre Progresu e Dezafius” (Reforming the Security Sector: Facing Challenges, Achieving Progress in Timor-Leste) para fanu e hatoo ba UNMIT katak, sira nia hahalok ho sira nian liafuan tenki hanesan. Labele iha oin kualia ida, depois iha kotuk halo konspirasaun, hodi kria imagen aat ba Estado Timor-Leste, hodi sai hanesan, sira mak hatene buat hotu. Article “Reforming the Security Sector: Facing Challenges, Achieving Progress in Timor-Leste (2009)” ne’e publika iha jornal hotu-hotu iha Timor-Leste, e hetan reasaun makaas husi UNMIT. Dala ruma ita presiza intervensaun ida, para fanu UNMIT sira, husi toba, selae sira halai hanesan karau matan delek (blind cow). Reasaun ba article ne’e mos mai husi Sr. Ian Martin. Kuandu hau ho ekipa SED, halo inkontru ida, ho Timor-Leste nia kolega diak, Sr. Ian Martin iha 2009, nia mos foo nia reasaun konaba article ida ne’e. Iha article ne’e, atan hau dehan katak, Timor-Leste hatene demokrasia, hatene direitus umanus e hatene mos dignidade povu nian. Tamba ne’e, labele iha ema ida ou organizasaun ida, no mos nasaun ida, mai hodi obriga hanorin ou orienta implementasaun direitus umanus no mos demokrasia ba povu Timor-Leste. Povu ho líder Timor-Leste hatene saida mak Timor-Leste presiza halo, laos saida mak ema seluk haruka halo iha rai doben ida ne’e. Tamba ne’e maka ita tenki kaer metin prinsipiu “to do what we (Timor Leste) need to do, rather than what others want”, para prevene dotrina manipulativu, nebee ema balun lori mai hodi obriga Timor-Leste implementa. Implementasaun direitus umanus no mos demokrasia nebee vigora universalmente iha komunidade internasional, tenki mai husi konsiensia povu e líder Timor-Leste, tuir konstituisaun e lei em vigor.
Kazu ikus liu maka informasaun nebe jornal Tempo Semanal hasai ba públiku konaba, UNMIT ataque Chefi Guverno (15/5/2011). Iha loron 24 de Janeiru 2011, membru UNMIT ida halo aprezentasaun ho power point, ho tópiku, FOR SUSTAINABLE DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE IN TIMOR-LESTE. Kontribuisaun ba aprezentasaun ne’e mai husi ajéncias UN hanesan UNDP, UNCDF, UNEST & DGSU, tamba document ne’e hateten : “This presentation was based on contribution from UNDP, UNCDF, UNEST & DGSU”. Ne’e signifika katak, informasaun hotu nebe iha aprezentasaun ida ne’e, mai husi ajénsias ONU nian, iha Timor-Leste e bazeia ba sira nian persepsaun diak ou aat ba guvernasaun Timor-Leste. Aprezentasaun ne’e hateten katak: “the executive, especially prime Minister is seeking more and more power at the expense of parliament and the judiciary. By the end of 2012 this may have diminished the effective roles of the other two pillars and significantly reduced the accountability of the executive and rule of law, with the rule of prime minister. “ statement ida ne’e signifika katak...ezekutivu, espesialmente Primeiru Ministru buka atu hadau podér boot liu tebes husi Parlamentu no Tribunais sira (Tribunál de Contas sei hamosu atakes polítiku boot tebes). Molok 2012 prosesu ida ne’e nia rezultadu mak knaar efetivu husi órgaun soberania rua ne’e nian (ne’e refere ba parlamentu no tribunál) hodi responsabiliza ezekutivu, estadu direitu demokrátika sei menus, no “rule of law” sei menus no “rule of Primeiru Ministru” mak sei boot liu...” Se ita halo sumariu kik ba statement ida nee signifika, ONU ho sira nian ajensias hanoin katak: Primeiru Ministru sai hanesan obstaclu boot ba dezenvolvimentu demokrasia ba Timor-Leste.
Statement UNMIT nian iha retreat ne’e hatudu tan katak, sira hakarak interpreta sala pozisaun Primeiru Ministru nian, ba prosesu demokratizasaun iha Timor-Leste. Sira interpreta sala konaba Fundu Rua nebe bain-bain ita temi, Fundu Kapital Humano nebe iha Primeiru Ministru nia okos e Fundu Infrastrutura nebe mos iha Primeiru Ministru nia okos. Hau lakohi esplika tan fundu rua ne’e ba públiku liu-liu ba ONU, tamba sira ne’e sempre hare sira nia an perfeito liu Timor oan sira, liu-liu konaba demokratizasaun, reforma setor seguransa e seluk tan iha justisa.
Reasaun ba statement UNMIT nian ne’e, mai husi parte barak, inclui mos Opozisaun, Presidente Republika no mos Primeiru Ministru rasik. Primeiru, aprezentasaun UNMIT nian ne’e hanesan “vitamina” diak ida ba partido opozisaun. Purtantu Bankada Fretilin atraves deputadu Aniceto Guterres, ho kontenti hasai deklarasaun politika, hodi justifika e supporta absolutamente opiniaun UNMIT nian. Ne’e tamba klaru que nudar partidu opozisaun, Fretilin hetan supporta boot husi UNMIT nia statement. Sigundo, reasaun mos mai husi Presidente Republika Dr. Ramos Horta. Dr Ramos Horta ho hirus dehan, relatóriu nee ema beik ten nian, no mos hatutan katak “hau hanoin beik ten ruma maka halo karik. Ita hare to’ok se mak kaer programa ida naran oil and food iha Iraque, korupsaun ne’e makas 100 %, korupsaun $60 biloens. Purtantu, diak liu beik ten boot sira ne’e lalika koalia demais” (www.temposemanal.timor.blogspot.com). Terseiro, reasaun mos mai husi Primeiru Ministru rasik wainhira hatete katak, “UNMIT ladun kunhese hau”. Iha aspeto barak mak Primeiru Ministru temi iha nia diskursu ba seminariu akademi UNTL, iha loron 17 de Maio 2011 iha Centru Konvensaun de Dili. Maibe hau hakarak aumenta tan deit assunto rua nebe Primeiru Ministru mensiona iha nian diskurso, nebe importante tebe-tebes. Assuntu ida mak problema konaba IDPS nian iha tinan 2008 e seluk tan konaba Operasaun Komandu Konjuntu entre F-FDTL e PNTL para rezolve situasaun rebeldes nian iha tinan 2008. Ita komesa uluk husi problema IDPs. Konaba pergunta, oinsa rezolve problema IDPs, atan hau hakarak konta istoria oan ida konaba asuntu ne’e. Iha tinan 2008, depois de assassinatu tentativa ba Prezidente Ramos Horta ho Primeiru Ministru Xanana Gusmao, Presidente interino Fernando Lasama de Araujo konvoka inkontru alto nivel (high level meeting) iha Palacio das Cinzas iha Kaikoli. Iha inkontru ida ne’e, iha ajenda barak tebe-tebes para koalia, inclui mos pergunta konaba solusaun ba IDPs. Oinsa mak IDPs bele fila hikas ba sira nia uma, no mos, tinan hira mak presiza para rezolve problema ida ne’e? Deputy SRSG ida (hau lakohi temi naran) hato’o kedas katak, ONU iha esperiencia rezolve problema IDPs iha nasaun barak, especialmente nasaun sira iha Africa. Tamba ne’e Deputy SRSG ne’e hatutan tan katak, lori tinan 10-15 para bele taka kampu IDPs. Membrus Guvernu nebee partisipa iha inkontro ne’e hakfodak tamba intensaun guvernu nian mak ne’e, katak problema IDPs e kazu Petisionariu sira, tenki rezolve lalais para ita bele fokus fali ba dezenvolvimentu nasaun nian. Depois de rona tiha opiniaun ONU nian, Primeiru Ministru hato’o nia hanoin katak, povu Timor-Leste sira nebee agora sai IDPs, la hanesan povu Africa sira. Primeiru Ministru Xanana Gusmao dehan mos katak,” hau kunhese povo terus atan ida ne’e, povu ida nebee terus iha funu naruk nia laran, tamba ne’e guverno sei presiza tinan 2-3 para rezolve problema IDPs, la persiza to’o fali tinan 10-15 tan”. “This was said and done”, ho tinan 2 nian laran, kazu de 150,000 IDPs rezolvidu kedas. Timor-Leste nian esperiencia rasik, hatudu duni katak ho servisu makas entre orgaun Estadu nia hotu, specialmente Secretaria Estadu Dezastre Naturais ho Ministeriu Solidaridade Social, kazu IDPs rezolvidu duni iha tinan 2-3 nian laran. “Se líder estadu ho guvernu rona UNMIT nian hanoin, hanesan ita presiza tinan 10-15 para rezolve kazu IDPs, karik to’o agora, IDPs sira nian hela nafatin maka iha lona okos iha Hotel Timor nian oin, Obrigadu Barak nia Oin, Metinaro ho Hera no mos fatin seluk tan”. Maibe ita (orgaun estadu tomak) hamutuk, ita bele rezolve duni kazu boot ida ne’e (together we (all state organs) can solve the problem of IDPs).
Diskursu husi Primeiru Ministru mos temi konaba Operasaun Komandu Konjuntu entre FALINTIL-FDTL e PNTL, iha tinan 2008. Operasun ida ne’e desidi husi Konselhu dus Ministrus, depois halo konsulta ho Prezidente Republika e Komandante Supremu interinu Fernando Lasama de Araujo, hodi foo sai deklarasaun Estado de Sitio. Responsabilidade para harii Operasaun Komandu Konjuntu, Konselhu dus Ministrus nomeia Brigadeiro General (agora Major General) Taur Matan Ruak ho Komandante Afonso de Jesus (agora Adjuntu Komisariu PNTL), para sai hanesan Komandante e Vice Komandante ba Operasaun Konjuntu. Razaun hodi hari’i Operasaun Kojuntu maka ne’e; primeiru, esperansa mak ita foo ba instituisaun internasional, atraves de International Stabilization Force (ISF) husi Australia e Nova Zealandia, la hetan rezultadu. Kalan ida tomak Primeiru Ministru e Ministru Defeza e Siguransa, no mos SED, SES, Brigadeiru General Taur Matan Ruak e Komandante Afonso de Jesus halo inkontru ida ho Komandante ISF atu halo operasaun ida para rezolve problema rebeldes nian. Maibe, depois de ISF halo tiha sira nian operasaun durante loron rua, ISF informa fali katak, sira hetan difikuldade tamba la kunhese ema sira ne’e. Sigundo, laos UNPOL nian kompetensia, no mos UNPOL la iha kapasidade para rezolve problema ida nee. Sira laos mai para hasoru risku boot iha situasaun dificil ida ne’e. Tamba razaun rua ne’e mak Estadu deside, hari’i nafatin Operasaun Konjuntu. Rezultadu husi Operasaun Konjuntu, hatudu ba mundu tomak, dala ida tan katak, Timor oan bele rezolve nia problema rasik. Operasaun Konjuntu ho Timor-Leste nia dalan rasik (Timorese way) bele kria estabilidade ba nasaun doben ida ne’e. Major ida husi Nova Zealandia mak servisu iha Operasaun Komandu Konjuntu, halo relatoriu ida e hakerek katak, Operasaun Konjuntu hetan susesu tamba primeiru hetan integrasaun pozitivu entre F-FDTL ho PNTL, e hatudu katak sira bele servisu hamutuk. Sigundo, Operasaun iha kunhecimentu konaba rebeldes e hetan supporta husi populasaun baze. Terseiru, implementasaun taktika psikologika militar, nebe laos para oho target.
Tamba Operasaun Konjuntu ne’e, maka Timor-Leste hetan susesu hodi resolve kazu petisionarius sira, iha 2008. Maibe iha tempu neba, ita hasoru dezafiu boot husi Timor oan sira rasik nebe la fiar ita nia forsa rua, no mos husi UNMIT sira. UNMIT hateten katak, Timor-Leste komesa kahur papel Forsa Armadas ho Forsa Policial e sira akuza guvernu komesa halo militarizasaun ba polícia. Maibe sira haluha tiha katak, durante Operasaun Konjunto ne’e, mak forsa rua F-FDTL ho PNTL hetan opurtunidade diak para servisu hamutuk e dezenvolve fali konfiansa ba malu depois de krize 2006.
Se ita analiza didiak ita bele hare katak, Timor-Leste iha esperiencia naruk iha violensia laran. Depois de Restaurasaun Independensia, kada tinan rua Timor-Leste tama iha situasaun difísil nia laran. Iha loron 4 de Dezembro 2002, violensia mosu iha Dili laran. Ema sunu loja Hello Mister, sunu Loja balun iha Kolmera no mos sunu Marie Alkatiri nia uma iha Pantai Kelapa. Iha 2004, violensia mosu iha Lospalos entre membru balun husi FALINTIL-FDTL ho PNTL. Guvernu anterior hamutuk ho Prezidente Republika Kay Rala Xanana Gusmao harii ekipa ida hodi halo investigasaun. Iha 2006, mosu krizi polítika no mos militar nebe hamosu problema boot ba nasaun foun ida ne’e. Sidauk rezolve problema IDPs ho petisionarius sira, mosu tan problema assassinatu tentativa ba Chefi de Estado Dr. Ramos Horta e Chefi Guverno Kay Rala Xanana Gusmao. Maibe guverno ida nebe lidera husi Permeiro Ministro Kay Rala Xanana Gusmao hakotu korente (chain) konflito kada tinan rua ne’e iha 2010. Mesmu ita hetan problemas barak e situasaun difísil tebe-tebes durante tempu independencia nian laran, ita hatudu ba mundu tomak katak, ita rasik bele buka solusaun hodi rezolve ita nian problema. UN sira bele iha esperiencia barak konaba conflitus iha rai seluk, hanesan Afrika, maibe sira la bele mai aplika sira nian esperiencia iha Timor-Leste, tamba sira la kunhese povu Timor-Leste.
Tuir Prezidente da Republika nian reasaun, ita bele dehan katak, mesmu dala ruma ita nian liafuan hanesan kasar, mas parese ONU sira beik ten duni. Ikus liu UNMIT sei kontinua hanoin, no mos hakarak los hanorin, buat barak ba Timor oan sira. Hau bele foo ezemplu ida tan konaba ida ne’e. Iha loron 6 de Maio 2011 Membrus Governu balun, hanesan Vice Primeiru Ministru Jose Luis Guterres, hamutuk ho Secretariu Estadu da Defeza, Secretariu Estadu da Siguransa, Vice Ministru Finansas e Vice Ministru Ekonomia ho Dezenvolvimento halo inkontru ho UNMIT staff sira inclui, Chief of Staf Amira Haq nian Toby Lanzer, Murray McCullough (Security sector Reform Unit UNMIT), e Komissáriu UNPOL Luis Carilho ho staff seluk tan, atu koalia konaba “Transition Plan”. Iha aprezentasaun konaba Good Governance, staf UNMIT oan ida, koalia makas liu para husu guvernu Timor-Leste, hari’i lalais instituisaun ida para tau matan iha área Good Governance no mos Demokrasia. Responde ba ideia ida ne’e, nudar diplomata e Vice Primeiru Ministru, Dr. Jose Luis Guterres, hato’o nia agradesimentu ba sujestaun UNMIT ne’e, maibe reasaun husi Secretario Siguransa makas liu. Demokrasia la presiza institusionaliza atraves instituisaun especial Estado nian. Tamba demokrasia konsagra ona iha Konstituisaun e sai hanesan kompromisu Estadu nian, sociedade civil, no mos povu Timor-Leste tomak. Sosiedade Civil hanesan Fundasaun HAK, Rede Feto no mos NGO sira seluk tan, tau matan dadauk ba demokrasia ho direitus umanus. Agora dadaun ita la iha instituisaun especial ida para tau matan iha área demokrasia, maibe demokrasia ho direitus umanus lao nafatin, tamba Konstituisaun e kompromisiu povo Timor oan nian.
Konaba missaun ONU nian iha Timor-Leste, ita mos bele analiza katak, UNMIT dalam ruma hetan infiltrasaun husi ema internasional e nasional, nebee iha ajenda politika ketak. Jornal Timor Post iha loron 24 de Maio hateten katak, Xina agora iha intensaun para monta nia espionajen iha Ásia Sudeste. Maibe Timor-Leste mos keta haluha katak infiltrasaun ne’e laos mai deit husi Xina, maibe mai husi nasaun seluk, inklui mos infiltrasaun iha instituisaun UNMIT nia laran para buka informasaun ba sira nia nasaun rasik. Purtantu Timor-Leste la presiza hakfodak kuandu iha mos opiniaun balun katak, UNMIT mos iha ema barak, nebe nia servisu laos ba missaun UNMIT nian, maibe ba ninia nasaun mos. Konaba assuntu ida nee, ita bele analiza katak, iha grupu rua e grupu politika ida mak agora halao ou servisu hela missaun ONU iha Timor-Leste (analiza ne’e bele los ou bele la los): Primeiro iha grupu ida nebe servisu ba nasaun seluk halao hela missaun “rekolha informasaun” atu bele hato’o ba nasaun seluk nebe nia servisu ba. Grupu ne’e mak obriga hela ninia hakarak no mos bainhira hetan dezafius ruma, sira sempre kria opiniaun publiku atu halo aat ba situasaun iha rai laran. Grupu ida ne’e mak lakohi rai doben Timor-Leste dezenvolvi ninia an, hodi sai nasaun nebe independente e soberania. Sigundo, Grupu ida nebe hakarak foo tulun ba Timor-Leste hodi sai nasaun dezenvolvidu ho neneik. Grupu ida ne’e durante ne’e hanesan “burung terkurung dalam sangkar”. Grupu ida ne’e mak domina lideransa UNMIT desde uluk kedas, mas iha grupu ne’e nia sorin, mesak grupu primeiru deit mak domina. Terseiro, grupu Timor oan nebe servisu iha UNMIT. Iha Timor oan barak mak fo laran duni para bele kontribui ba dezenvolvimentu rai doben ne’e. Maibe la sala mos katak iha mos balun mak, aproveita UNMIT para halao missaun politiku, pessoal ou grupu nian. PM Xanana iha nia diskursus dehan katak “hau hakarak dehan Timor oan sira nebe sai experts ba UNMIT, atu lalika loko-an, atu lalika hakruk demais ba ema nia osan, tamba ida ne’e, moras at ida nebe ita bolu : colonialism mental no colonialism intellectual”. Timor oan sira ne’e mos tuir PM Xanana lakohi UNMIT sai husi Timor Leste. Iha mundu ne’e interdependia e dependensia entre nasaun asunto ida normal mas nudar nasaun foun ida Timor Leste persiza halakon dependensia premature iha rai ida ne’e.
Hakarak hateten deit katak, saida mak agora sai polémiko iha publiku konaba aprezentasaun UNMIT nian, husi retreat mak akontece iha Janeiru 2011, klaru que laos relatorio ida. Maibe ita bele dehan katak, aprezentasaun ne’e sai hanesan opiniaun husi instituisaun UNMIT, ho ajéncias seluk husi ONU iha Timor-Leste. Maibe, klean tebe-tebes katak, tuir informasaun husi ema balun iha ONU, retreat ne’e involve líder ONU sira. Ne’e signifika katak opiniaun husi líder ONU sira iha Timor-Leste, negativu ba guvernu no mos Primeiru Ministru. ONU hanesan instituisaun ida mak tenki sai neutral e labele tama iha assuntu politika nian. Mandatu UNMIT nian iha Timor-Leste maka, para foo supporta ba Estadu Timor-Leste iha aspeitu hotu, laos para mai destroi e fo opiniaun kontraditivu ba progressu no mos dezenvolvimentu nasional.
6 comments:
As a continued comments over the newly posted views, the success and pitfalls of the UN are varied in nature of contexts, histories, cultural differences. In TL contexts, most of the crisis were flashed up by pure political historical flows and civil war which have been accumulated over the ages ie. counted from 1974 onwards. In contrast, in most african conflicts were driven by socio political, civil war, the deepest religious fractions amongst various interest groups there. The UN has been reformed quite dramatic paths since August 2000 till present. It also has established various its academic institutions in several regional countries (Italy, Tokyo) which focus on related working areas as well as having cooperated with various non-UN academic isntitutions around the globe.
What is important to remember is that the crisis of 2006 was a Timorese driven crisis, where Timorese killed other Timorese. The UN did not do that. And the same murderers are still free. Knowing that if they want to kill, they could do it again.
As further indication is that TL geopolitical strategic location is a key contributing element of the great success stories. TL has conducive natural environment and landscapes which alo being valuable to succeeding factors where TL had received many global attentions, extracted international support to rebuild at the aftermath of the long accumulated crisis. TL is located amongst the developed states which is accessable into international political supports and interventions upon requests, faster systemic transformations. Theses fruitfull experiences did not exist in most african countries which were swept and hit by profound-rooted political/ideological revalries and confrontations. Other is also hampered by vast natural landscapes which are not conducive and supportive to build up peaceful easier resolutions over there.
In views of the conflict experiences and lessons in most of african countries that we could observe and perceive in the fields of many regionally divided conflicts, political-ideological dragged interests into more large scales of civil wars and ethnics cleansing alike. For example in Somali cases, where the country has been regionally divided into large occupied foreign countries like British, French, Italy and Ethiopia. And we can imagine of how these divided regions have fought against each other interests and involved in large confrontations on the grounds very structurally spread over and over. These could ruin and profoundly planted rootes conflict amongst the groups and each followers.
In the inner elements of the human being, most people feel, think they are ok but against the real facts they are not so ok. people should not think most subjectively about oneself strength, supermacy because we will not see the real objections to move onwards and make changes and great improvements. The success is purely determined by efforts and actions taken to implement.
An old economist, Dr. Dennis said: think->plan->act->check->reverse inbound cycles>>)))
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